![]() Once landed, and over the course of several generations, the individuals and families who passed through Angel and Ellis Islands in the first half of the twentieth century built communities and social structures of their own. But how was this process experienced, enforced, and resisted – and by whom? Here we will consider the experiences of different communities, both durably racialized and able to resist or reduce their racialization. It is not uncommon to hear their (supposed or assumed) losses of identity praised by subsequent generations of ‘Anglo-Americans’ and by politicians opposed to immigration and culturally distinctive ethnic communities today. ![]() What happened AFTER the immigration stations? In the American myth of the ‘melting pot’, migrants, once admitted to the nation, seamlessly and gratefully gave up their distinctive cultures to become ‘Americans’. ![]()
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